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Summary The information about the integral state of the 3DDS and about the changes of its state at any influence can be sufficient for controlling many technological processes. ND-vectors can reflect the changes in the state of the mixtures. In this case, the polymodality of particle size distributions [21] and the difference of particle forms are no obstacle. Combination of the ND-vector\'s approach with other methods of inverse problem solution can help to investigate the processes in 3DDS such as aggregation, disaggregation, coalescence, heteroaggregation, sedimentation, etc. The proposed approach allows the study of any 3DDS as an intact non-destroyable unity, with minimal interference. It can demonstrate the unique potentials of solving problems of orphan receptor science, bio- and nanotechnology, medicine and of environmental protection.
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Introduction The problem of healing damaged skin and soft tissues using surgical and conservative methods has not yet been completely resolved. The major factors hindering the granulation and epithelialization processes are tissue degeneration, oxidative damage, moisture imbalance in the wound, infections and other complications in the area of the surgical wound, trauma or burn. Scar tissue or other structural changes to the surgical site reduce the patient\'s quality of life. Currently, a number of techniques aimed at boosting wound healing and improving the structural and functional properties of the newly formed tissue have been developed. Most of these techniques use wound dressings varying by their compositions and functional characteristics [1–3]. Porous film materials based on polymeric nanofibers obtained by electrospinning possess all of the above-listed properties. This method allows to produce fibers from 50nm to 4500nm in diameter from a variety of polymers. Film materials based on nanofibers typically have low density, high porosity, water and gas permeability [4–7], and pore sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Our earlier study [5] described the preparation of nanofibers from an alcohol-soluble aliphatic copolyamide (CoPA), a copolymer of poly(ε-caprolactam) and poly(hexamethylendiaminadipate)
The second polymer, widely used for biomedical materials, is chitosan. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, a polysaccharide derivative whose macromolecules consist of β-(1–4) d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine monomers. The biodegradation products of chitosan are nontoxic and become part of the natural metabolic reactions of the body as chitosan decomposes. However, electrospinning nanofibers from a chitosan solution are known [8–10] to be complicated by its polyelectrolyte properties. To stabilize the electrospinning of chitosan-based nanofibers, water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), methylcellulose (MC), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) [8–10] are introduced into the solution. Adding these polymers in a concentration of up to 50wt.% of the amount of chitosan (which is necessary for nanofibers to stably form) adversely affects the finished material, increasing its hygroscopicity and reducing its mechanical properties. Ref. [11] established that chitosan composite fibers containing chitin nanofibrils 20nm in diameter and 600–800nm in lengths typically exhibit increased strength and elasticity. Additionally, administering chitin nanofibrils into the spinning solution of chitosan stabilizes the formation process. A similar beneficial effect was described for electrospinning nanofibers containing chitin nanofibrils [12]. Dealing with deeper wounds where soft tissues are damaged in addition to skin requires applying spatial reconstruction techniques and stimulating regeneration throughout the defect. In this case, it is effective to use tissue-engineered preparations consisting of a polymer matrix, cellular components and cellular secretion products [13]. We propose combining an experimental wound dressing with the separation products of the patient\'s blood for increasing the efficiency of tissue regeneration and achieving greater hemostatic, antimicrobial and analgesic effects.